LFO (Low Frequency Oscillator)

An LFO generates a waveform — typically sine, triangle, square, or saw — at a frequency below the audible range (usually 0.1 to 20 Hz). Instead of producing sound, it modulates other parameters to create movement. Route an LFO to pitch for vibrato, to volume for tremolo, to filter cutoff for wobble effects, or to pan for auto-panning. LFO rate can be free-running or synced to your DAW's tempo for rhythmic effects. Many modern synths offer complex LFO shapes including random, sample-and-hold, and custom-drawn curves. LFOs are essential for making static sounds feel alive and expressive.