Subtractive Synthesis

Subtractive synthesis is the most intuitive and widely-used synthesis method. The concept is simple: start with a waveform containing many harmonics (like a sawtooth or square wave), then use filters to remove unwanted frequencies and shape the timbre. The process mirrors sculpting — you begin with a block of raw material and carve away to reveal the desired shape. Classic analog synths like the Minimoog, Jupiter-8, and Prophet-5 are all subtractive. The signal flow is typically: oscillator(s) → filter → amplifier, with envelopes and LFOs modulating each stage. Despite being the oldest electronic synthesis method, subtractive synthesis remains the foundation of most modern sound design.